A birth

Two parents, one random seed, one child. Below, the whole thing happens in front of you, byte by byte, with real parents from the population. Only the seed is different each time you draw.

Watch it happen

Two genomes in, one genome out

Each little square is one locus. A moeba has two rows of them, one from each parent. The child’s first row is read along the first parent, the second row along the second parent, and every now and then the reading switches from one of that parent’s rows to the other. It plays on its own; pause it and step through one locus at a time, or point at a square to read it. The seed is real and so is the arithmetic: the same seed always gives the same child.

Living specimenDrawn on your device

This draw’s child

Why families have looks

Loci that sit next to each other in a row tend to be read together, because a switch is rare (24 chances in 256 at each step). The body loci travel as a block, the colour loci as another. So a child often has one parent’s build and the other’s colouring, rather than a random mix of everything. The four blocks are the four labelled groups above.

Then mutation

With the two rows read, the same random stream continues. First the pathways: rules like “if this row has allele A here, and the rest of the genome allows it, then with a small chance it becomes B”. Pathways are the only way some alleles ever appear; no founder has them, and they fire rarely. Then drift: each numeric locus, on each copy, has about a 2% chance to move one step. With 22 numeric loci in two copies, about six births in ten carry at least one such step somewhere — usually too small to see, since the body follows both copies together. A new variant from a pathway is much rarer. In the picture, a mutated square has a dot.

What the parents must satisfy

The lab above shows the issuer’s answer when a pair would be refused.

What could have been

Eight children from the same two parents

Each card is the child the rules would produce from a different random seed. On the ledger only one seed happens, and nobody gets to pick which. A coloured mark means that draw had a mutation.